Surveilance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Surveilance - Essay Example ttempts to show how Michel Foucault’s notion of surveillance using the panoptic principle is in fact made manifest by the use of video and still cameras. Further, panopticism has been used as themes of various photo exhibits, no doubt inspired by the creeping feeling of being watched. The practice of placing individuals under ‘observation’ is a natural extension of a justice imbued with disciplinary methods and examination procedures. Is it surprising that the cellular prison, with its regular chronologies, forced labour, its authorities of surveillance and registration, its experts in normality, who continue and multiply the functions of the judge, should have become the modern instrument of penality? Is it surprising that prisons resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals, which all resemble prisons? (p. 228). In this particular passage, Foucault outlines the mechanisms that the prison uses in controlling criminality. On closer examination, what he in fact outlines are the mechanisms that operate within different social institutions. This is a noteworthy point, since the institutions that he mentioned, i.e. factories, schools, barracks, and hospitals, all function in essentially the same way as the modern prison. These all use specific procedures and techniques to discipline subjects. What follows is a discussion of Foucault’s notion of discipline as correct training, with its particular mechanisms and techniques. Foucault’s book was originally titled in French, Surveiller et punir. The translator, Alan Sheridan, explained at the outset the difficulty in translating the title itself for various reasons. Apparently, the French surveiller does not have a directly appropriate English counterpart. The term â€Å"surveillance† proved too limited, and â€Å"supervise† tended to be understood quite differently from what Foucault originally meant. In the end, Foucault himself chose Discipline and Punish, clarifying in the book that the term

MKTG 4050 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

MKTG 4050 - Essay Example ing of Research and Development for Dell’s offerings keeps development cost while still ensuring innovation and high technologically advanced product offering. There are also various products to choose from Dell because of its product expansion strategy that can compete with other leading brands such as HP and IBM. Furthermore, the fast delivery of service and after sales service can be done through online with Dell. The value proposition for Dell is effective for a certain market segment that is after of the idea of both quality and product cost. Dell’s strategy is a low-cost strategy and a portion of focus differentiation considering that it tries to create big consideration on Research and Development for both product and cost. Dell essentially believes that it cannot totally pass on the production cost to its customers so the best way to do is to create better management on its Supply Chain Management system. What Dell tries to emphasize is that a low-cost product offering may not necessarily mean low quality at all, but at some point, there has to be something given up or adjusted in the entire supply chain management system. Dell could not compromise quality and cost together so the best way it does is to outsource its Research and Development. In the end, what makes Dell a personal choice of brand is its ability to maintain affordability without compromising the quality of its product

Organizational Psychology Leadership Term Paper

Organizational Psychology Leadership - Term Paper Example It is proved that leadership is a key indicator of organizational psychology, reflecting the psychological and social trends developed within each particular organization. At the same time it is made clear that the approaches used by researchers when having to explore the particular subject may be differentiated, a fact that cannot influence the value of organizational psychology as a factor influencing all aspects of organizational life, including leadership. Also, after examining the content and structure of the three studies, the following assumption has been developed: all of them have addressed their aims; however, the study of Strauss, Griffin and Rafferty (2009) seems to be more appropriately structured and justified responding fully to the requirements of academic research. Aims In the study of Vigoda-Gadot (2007), aims are clearly stated: reference is made to the effort of the researchers to identify ‘politics can be a mediator between the leadership styles and the for mal and informal aspects of employee performance (Vigoda-Gadot 2007, p.661). Rowold & Schlotz (2009) also clearly state – in the introductory section - the aim of their study: to prove that leadership style can lead to the employees’ chronic stress. In the third study also, no problem seems to exist regarding the presentation of the study’s aims; Strauss, Griffin and Rafferty (2009) make clear that their study focuses on the identification of the relationship between leadership and employees’ proactivity. However, the specific study seems to have an advantage – regarding the presentation of its aims – compared to the previous two studies; analytical explanations are providing regarding the decision of the authors to choose the particular subject and the gaps in the literature that the study is expected to cover. Structure The structure of the study of Vigoda-Gadot (2007) can be characterized as quite satisfactory, focusing on the analysis of the issues under discussion; moreover, the literature related to the issue under discussion is analytically presented – headings and sub-headings have been employed for increasing the quality of the flow of the text and ensuring that all parts of the text are distinctive, a fact that can be considered as an advantage of the particular paper. From a similar point of view, in the studies of Strauss, Griffin & Rafferty, A. (2009) and Rowold & Schlotz (2009), no problem seems to exist regarding their structure; sub-headings have been used to indicate the parts of the paper and the order/ reasoning of methodology involved. Between the specific two studies also, an advantage seems to exist for that of Strauss, Griffin & Rafferty (2009). Comparing the three studies, it could be noted that the Vigoda-Gadot (2007) offers more analytical explanations on leadership and its role within organization; moreover, the issues discussed are fully and adequately justified using appropriate theo ries and empirical evidence. Theories In terms of the literature used in the three studies under

Racing, Finance and Sponsorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Racing, Finance and Sponsorship - Essay Example The main aim of the new design is to create a more user-friendly, light and agile vehicle. By way of innovative solutions and technological up gradation the formula students aim to rank among the Top 5 at the event and emerge as the top team in UK at the car racing program. The team management works towards maintaining high standards for the vehicle and develop technical prowess of the members and create environmental awareness. However the success of the efforts is based on the support that it is able to garner from the corporate, as University assistance is not sufficient to take care of the funding associated with the design and development of the car. Sponsorship strategy Brunel Racing team comprises mechanical engineering and motorsport students. The designing work is entrusted to the third year students. Ever since the team was established in the year 1999 it has participated in a range of Formula Student competitions across worldwide locations, which includes the famous Hocken heim and Silverstone Grand Prix circuits (Brunel University West London-a, n.d.). For more than a decade the University team has participated in this event. Going by the rise in the number of Universities participating in the program the event is now eagerly awaited. The amount of media exposure at such events is also high. In the last year’s event there was extensive media coverage of the event. Many small and large businesses lend their support to the event and their number is continually growing.   These businesses get the opportunity to reach out to the masses by sponsoring the events. Their logos or corporate names are advertised on the race route and along the street leading to the event venue. Besides helping them in raising the bottom-line of the business they are able to forge an alliance with the University members. By reaching out to the University students these companies also get the chance to fulfil their corporate social responsibility. So the sponsorship eve nt enhances the market image of the companies and also helps them in establishing a philanthropic image in the society. Sponsorship is generally viewed as a ‘business relationship’ forged between a beneficiary and a sponsor i.e. there is always a commercial angle to it. However by granting funds for the university car racing the company will be able to draw dual benefits. Firstly, it will create more awareness about the products and services offered by the company. This will get reflected in the form of rising sales figures. Secondly, the company will be able to fulfil its responsibility of a socially responsible entity. Past research has brought forth the â€Å"consumer effects of sponsorship†. It has been seen that the investment offered by the sponsor in any sports activity creates a good-will among the event attendees. This is said to influence their behaviour and attitude towards the brand. There are three levels at which the sponsor is able to generate good -will. First is the ‘generic level’ that relates to the feelings of the consumers at the engagement of the sponsors in an activity; second is the ‘category level’ that relates with a particular audience say sports or art and third is at individual activity level’

Final-44 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final-44 - Essay Example the annexation of Texas took place in 1845 when the white settlers fought for freedom from Mexico and petitioned the newly formed Republic of Texas for the Union for statehood. Then the western border between the US and the Canada was agreed to be situated at 49o of north latitude. Later, US won the Mexican war in 1848 and thereby conquered California and New Mexico through the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty. Afterwards, by the Gadsden Purchase, the southern Arizona was taken in 1853 from Mexico1. Thus, by the 1853 agreement, the US achieved the Manifest Destiny that constitutes the contiguous states. Annexing Texas was so important that the Manifest Destiny could have ended without it. Texas was neither part of US nor an independent state since 1836 as Mexico did not affirm Texas’s independence and also, they threatened America of war in case of providing any assistance to Texas. Thus, Texas had to acquire help from other countries in order to pay for their military expenses. Subsequently, Texas signed treaties with France, Belgium and Holland in 1839 and 1840. Moreover, the Great Britain was also looking forward to Texas so as to control or acquire the United States. Hence, the US annexed Texas so that the foreign powers can be inhibited from harming America. Annexation of Texas led to the war with Mexico that further brought additional territory under US control2 as discussed above. Americans settled the great western frontier after crossing the Mississippi River. A massive westward movement evolved after the discovery of gold in California. The annexation of the southw est territories played a significant role in the expansion of US without which the Manifest Destiny was unachievable since this annexation resulted in to an inchoate union of the conflict territories in to a successful democracy stretching throughout a continent full of fertile land, natural resources and

Explore The Character and symbolic significance of Simon Essay Example for Free

Explore The Character and symbolic significance of Simon Essay After the end of the Second World War, novelists had fighting time writing on events that had just happened. It made a lot of writers think deeply about mankind and themselves. One of these writers was William Golding who Lieutenant in command of a rocket ship; his first novel was an allegory called Lord Of The Flies published in 1954 it asks the question is humanity all evil/self-destructive. Through out the book mankind is portrayed in a very pessimistic way. The characters in the novel reflect a particular part of humanity Jack reflects dictatorship and he creates a division between the group of children, very cleverly he becomes the leader of a tribe of animalistic savages that remind the reader of early man in its time. The Littleuns symbolises the vulnerable in society, Simon, on the other hand, is their saviour he picks the Littleuns fruit from the trees, which they cannot reach. He represents the spiritual aspect of humanity. Simon as a character is a caring and compassionate child who has not a bad intention in his mind. He is not govern by the negative human traits that influence our day to day reactions; human traits such as aggression or hate red even to the children that treat him badly, he treats all the children equal and helps them when ever it is need. An example is when he helps the littleuns, Simon found for them the fruit they could not reach,, passed them back down to the endless, outstretched hands. Simon or though his caring and compassion, he is quiet inarticulate, this is his only weakness, he finds it extremely difficult to communicate with the other children, this has an extremely bad effect on his ability to change the events on the island. Although his wisdom he never mangers to show the others how he could change the mistakes they make. He is physically weak and doesnt really take part in the greatly physical activities. At the beginning of the novel, as they all meet at the platform, you find out that he has fits, so he is epileptic or has a disability similar to that. He sometimes tries to interact with the other children but he feels the pressured of personality, on his views on the island and the beast, an example is when he says the wrong thing. Whats the dirtiest thing there is? Simon. He helps Simons always about This quotation describes how Simon lives in peace with the island and all the children on it. Simon is the only one with unreal view and the beast he is genuinely different to all the others. But he still mangers to live in peace with everyone, even Jack he mangers to get on with, there not friends as such, but the dont really bother each other. Does with show that the other children can see thats he is different and is some who respected because of this? Or though Simon does live in peace with all the others he is still treated and considered as an outsider by them all this is one of the unfortunate affects of being different, no matter how wise or intuitive you are. This is so easily sensed in the quote, when jack and Ralph go to find Simon. Hes queer. He funny They dont not like him they just realise that Simon is total Different to them selves. The one thing about how the children see Simon is that it changes though the novel and by the end, most of the children, not all of them but a proportion of them, respect him and are quite fond of him. Simon, you can tell is instantly different to the rest of the boys, his absolutely wise view on the beast and island. But William Golding in this novel made him more than just a mere boy he represent intuitive thought, this is to say that he get his knowledge from nowhere really he just know its, When he is talking about the beast existents What I mean.maybe its only us No child really think that way, William Golding is making it so that he symbolises Intuitive thought but it doesnt end there. At one time as he goes to prove the beasts inexistent, it reachs it climax when he meets an the lord of the flies, he has an encounter with the pigs head on a stick, the creature is crawling with flies hence calling it the lord of the flies. Fancy thinking the beast was something you could hunt and kill! You knew, didnt you? Im a part of you?

History of International Human Resource Management

History of International Human Resource Management Up until the 1960s, even firms operating internationally maintained organizational structures with centralised technical and managerial resources, manufacturing ability, and the access to and control of the capital (Doz Prahalad 1981). As exports increased, it was seen as more attractive to establish sales subsidiaries in other countries, often staffing them with skilled personnel from the home country. These expatriates had the necessary product knowledge, and could even initiate local manufacture, but also had a perceived primary loyalty to the home company and country culture. Unfortunately, this was also an era of convergence thinking (usually towards the dominant U.S. culture), with sometimes lamentably littleattention being given to national sensitivities and cultural beliefs and behaviours With the developing internationalisation of many firms in the late 1960s and early 1970s, companies established overseas plants and entered joint ventures with foreign affiliates. Firms sought commercial success through moving closer to their customers by employing more host-country nationals. In some situations, they aimed at being perceived more as local rather than foreign, for various reasons. In the 1990s, not only has the practice of IHRM become more sophisticated, but research into its policy and practice has become established. It has a developing body of research and practice which is regularly considered at dedicated conferences, and published in general management as well as HRM journals. Increasingly, international HRM is being taught in university faculties of business management courses, and management MBA graduates, as well as graduates in HRM, are now more frequently aware of the issues involved, and the functions of HRM in an international context. International human resource management What an HR manager does in a multinational corporation varies from firm to firm. It also depends on whether the manager is located in a global corporations headquarters or onsite in a foreign subsidiary. What is IHRM? Actually, it is not easy to provide a precise definition of international human resource management (IHRM) because the mission of an HR manger in a multinational corporation (MNC) varies on a large scale. Generally speaking, IHRM is the effective utilization of human resources in a corporation in an international environment. The term IHRM in most studies has traditionally focused on the area of expatriation (Brewster and Harris, 1999) Broadly defined, international human resource management (IHRM) is the process of procuring, allocating, and effectively utilising human resources in a multinational corporation. If the MNC is simply exporting its products, with only a few small offices in foreign locations, then the task of the international HR manager is relatively simple. However, in global firms human resource managers must achieve two somewhat conflicting strategic objectives. First, they must integrate human resource policies and practices across a number of subsidiaries in different countries so that overall corporate objectives can be achieved. At the same time, the approach to HRM must be sufficiently flexible to allow for significant differences in the type of HR policies and practices that are most effective in different business and cultural settings. This problem of balancing integration (control and coordination from HQ) and differentiation (flexibility in policies and practices at the local subsidiary level) have long been acknowledged as common dilemmas facing HR and other functional managers in global corporations. Although some argue that IHRM is not unlike HRM in a domestic setting, others point out that there  are significant differences. Specifically compared with domestic HRM, IHRM (I) encompasses more functions, (2) has more heterogeneous functions, (3) involves constantly changing perspectives, (4) requires more involvement in employees personal lives, (5) is influenced by more external sources, and (6) involves a greater level of risk than typical domestic HRM. When compared with domestic human resource management, IHRM requires a much broader perspective on even the most common HR activities. This is particularly so for HR managers operating from a MNCs headquarters (HQ). The number and variety of IHRM activities are daunting. International HR managers must deal with issues as varied as international taxation; international relocation and orientation; various other administrative services for expatriates; selecting, training and appraising local and international employees; and managing relations with host governments in a number of countries around the world. Even when dealing with one particular HR function area such as compensation, the international HR manager is faced with a great variety of national and international pay issues. For example, while dealing with pay issues, the HQ-based HR manager must coordinate pay systems in different countries with different currencies that may change in relative value to one another over time. An American expatriate in Tokyo who receives a salary of $100,000 may suddenly find the buying power of that salary dramatically diminished if the Japanese yen strengthens in value relative to the US dollar. A US dollar purchased 248 yen in 1985, but less than 110 yen in 2000. In the case of fringe benefits provided to host company employees, some interesting complications might arise. For instance, it is common in the United States to provide health insurance benefits to employees and the employees family, which usually means spouse and children. In some countries however, the term family may include a more extended group of relatives-multiple spouses, aunts, uncles, grandparents, nephews, and nieces. How does the firms benefit plan deal with these different definitions of family? A final aspect of the broader scope of IHRM is that the HQ-based manager deals with employee groups that have different cultural backgrounds. The HQ manager must coordinate policies and procedures to manage expatriates from the firms home country (parent country nationals, PNCs), host-country nationals (HCNs), as well as third country nationals (TCNs, e.g. a French manager working for an American MNC in the firms Nigerian subsidiary) in subsidiaries around the world. Although such issues are important for the HQ-based manager, they are also relevant to the HR manager located in a subsidiary. This manager must develop HR systems that are not only acceptable to the host country but also compatible with company-wide systems being developed by his or her HQ-based counterpart. These policies and practices must effectively balance the needs and desires of local employees, PCNs and TCNs. It is at the subsidiary level that the increased involvement of IHRM in the personal lives of employees becomes particularly apparent. It is not unusual for subsidiary HR managers to be involved in arranging housing, healthcare, transportation, education, and recreation activities for expatriate and local staff. IHRM activities are also influenced by a greater number of external forces than are domestic HR activities. The HQ-based manager may have to set equal employment opportunity (EEO) policies that meet the legal requirements of both the home country and a number of host countries. Because of the visibility that foreign firms tend to have in host countries (especially in developing countries), subsidiary HR managers may have to deal with ministers, other political figures, and a great variety of social and economic interest groups than would normally be encountered in a purely domestic HRM. Excerpt from Human Resource Management by Cynthia D Fisher, Lyle F Schoenfeldt, James B Shaw. Published by Biztantra